A Newar life-cycle ritual (saṃskāra, with Hindu and Buddhist versions), that is performed for toddlers of both genders before their first birthday. It focuses on generating merit and protection for the child, while also introducing rice and other solid foods into its life. The Buddhist version includes the emplacement of a necklace with auspicious objects, as well as items symbolic of the pañṣcaraksa, five protective deities that were the focus of a Mahāyāna text found across the Mahāyāna world.